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Mike Castle

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For the American actor, see Mike Castle (actor).

Mike Castle
Official portrait, 2006
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Delaware's at-large district
In office
January 3, 1993 – January 3, 2011
Preceded byTom Carper
Succeeded byJohn Carney
69th Governor of Delaware
In office
January 15, 1985 – December 31, 1992
LieutenantS. B. Woo
Dale E. Wolf
Preceded byPete du Pont
Succeeded byDale E. Wolf
20th Lieutenant Governor of Delaware
In office
January 20, 1981 – January 15, 1985
GovernorPete du Pont
Preceded byJames D. McGinnis
Succeeded byS. B. Woo
Member of the Delaware Senate
from the 1st district
In office
January 7, 1969 – January 4, 1977
Preceded byRussell Dineen
Succeeded byHarris McDowell III
Member of the Delaware House of Representatives
from the 6th district
In office
January 3, 1967 – January 7, 1969
Preceded byFrank Parisi
Succeeded byGeorge Hering
Personal details
Born
Michael Newbold Castle

(1939-07-02)July 2, 1939
Wilmington, Delaware, U.S.
DiedAugust 14, 2025(2025-08-14) (aged 86)
Greenville, Delaware, U.S.
Political partyRepublican
Spouse
Jane DiSabatino
​
(m. 1992)​
EducationHamilton College (BS)
Georgetown University (LLB)
Castle's voice
Castle supporting the Presidential $1 Coin Act of 2005.
Recorded April 26, 2005

Michael Newbold Castle (July 2, 1939 – August 14, 2025) was an American politician and lawyer who served as the U.S. representative for Delaware's at-large congressional district from 1993 to 2011. A member of the Republican Party, he previously served as the 69th Governor of Delaware from 1985 to 1992, Lieutenant Governor from 1981 to 1985, and as a member of the Delaware General Assembly from 1967 to 1977. As of 2025, Castle was the most recent Republican to represent Delaware in the U.S. Congress and the last Republican to have been elected governor of the state.

The district Castle represented includes the entire state of Delaware and is the oldest intact surviving district in the nation. He was the longest-serving U.S. Representative in the state's history.[1]

On October 6, 2009, Castle announced his candidacy in the 2010 special election for the seat in the United States Senate held by Democrat Ted Kaufman.[2] Kaufman, appointed by Governor Ruth Ann Minner to fill the vacancy created by Joe Biden (who resigned to become vice president of the United States), was not a candidate in the election.[3] The election determined who would fill the balance of Biden's term, which ended on January 3, 2015. In one of the most surprising election results of 2010, Castle lost the Republican primary to Christine O'Donnell.[4] He would have been heavily favored in the general election against Democrat Chris Coons, who defeated O'Donnell by 17 percentage points.[5]

Early life and education

[edit]

Michael Newbold Castle was born on July 2, 1939, in Wilmington, Delaware, the son of Louisa Johnston (née Bache) and James Manderson Castle Jr.[6][7] One of his maternal great-great-grandfathers was Virginia U.S. Senator John W. Johnston, and Castle's fifth great-grandfathers were founding fathers Benjamin Franklin and Daniel Carroll. Castle's father was a patent lawyer for DuPont, a firm so central to the city that it was long known in Wilmington simply as "the company." After graduating from Tower Hill School in 1957, he attended Hamilton College in Clinton, Oneida County, New York. He earned a Bachelor of Science degree in economics from Hamilton in 1961.[8] While at Hamilton, Castle was a brother of the Alpha Delta Phi fraternity.[9][10]

In 1964, he earned a Juris Doctor degree from Georgetown University Law Center in Washington, D.C. He was admitted to both the Delaware Bar and the Washington, D.C., Bar that same year.[11]

Professional and political career

[edit]

Following his admission to the bar, Castle returned to Wilmington and joined Connolly, Bove and Lodge, working as an associate (1964–1973) and later partner (1973–1975). A Republican, he served as Deputy Attorney General of Delaware from 1965 to 1966, and was elected to the Delaware House of Representatives in 1966. He served as a state representative for two years before winning a seat in the Delaware Senate, where he remained for eight years. He also served as minority leader from 1975 to 1976.[12][13]

In 1976, Castle left the state legislature and returned to the full-time practice of law, founding his own firm with Carl Schnee (who was later nominated as U.S. Attorney for the District of Delaware by President Bill Clinton in 1999). He returned to politics in 1980, when he was recruited to run for Lieutenant Governor of Delaware by Governor Pete du Pont.[12] He defeated Democratic state senator Thomas B. Sharp, with 59% to 40% of the vote.[14] He served from 1981 to 1985.[12]

Governor of Delaware

[edit]
Lt. Governor Castle (left) with Governor Dick Thornburgh of Pennsylvania (center) and Secretary of Defense Caspar Weinberger, July 1982.

As the hand-picked choice of the popular Governor du Pont, Castle easily won election as Governor of Delaware in 1984, defeating former Delaware Supreme Court Justice William T. Quillen.[15][16] Voters re-elected him to another term in 1988 when he defeated Democrat Jacob Kreshtool by 99,479 votes, and is the last time a Republican won a governor election in the state.[17] Castle cut his second term slightly short when he resigned to begin his first term as U.S. Representative.[18]

One of Castle's priorities as governor was welfare reform. He worked to pass a comprehensive welfare reform package with the White House and Congress and also served as lead governor on welfare reform on the National Governors Association.[19] He worked on the largest road-construction project in state history, with his administration establishing the Transportation Trust Fund that paid for the construction of Delaware Route 1.[12][16] He also worked on the improvement of schools, supported the preservation of farmland, and backed "banking industry expansion and anti-takeover legislation for corporations".[12][16]

United States Representative

[edit]
Castle during the 109th Congress

Committee assignments

[edit]

In 1992, Castle could not run again for Governor, due to constitutional term limits. The result was what became known as "the Swap." Castle ran for the seat of U.S. Representative Tom Carper and Carper ran for Governor. Delaware's political leadership had quietly worked out the arrangement and retained the services of two very popular office holders. Both Castle and Carper won their races by large margins.[20]

Castle was first elected U.S. Representative in 1992, defeating former Lieutenant Governor Shien Biau Woo. Later, he won election by wide margins eight times, defeating Democrats Carol Ann DeSantis in 1994, Dennis E. Williams in 1996 and 1998, Michael C. Miller in 2000 and 2002, Paul Donnelly in 2004, Dennis Spivack in 2006, and Karen Hartley-Nagle in 2008.[21] He suffered two minor strokes during the 2006 campaign, but fully recovered.[22]

Castle was the co-chair of several Congressional caucuses, including the Diabetes Caucus, the Community College Caucus, the Biomedical Research Caucus, and the Passenger Rail Caucus. He was also considered one of the most moderate Republicans in the U.S. House. In the wake of Tom DeLay's indictment in September 2005, liberal columnist E.J. Dionne named Castle as one of four lawmakers capable of leading an anticorruption reform of the Republican Party. Castle was a member of various liberal Republican Organizations, such as Republicans For Environmental Protection, The Republican Majority For Choice, Republicans For Choice, and Christine Todd Whitman's Its My Party Too. He was pro-choice and supported some gun control measures.[23] He voted against a constitutional amendment that would have banned same-sex marriage.[24] The non-partisan National Journal gave Mike Castle an ideological composite score of 59% conservative and 41% liberal.[25]

Castle's centrist positions served him well in a state that trended increasingly Democratic during his tenure in the House. Delaware had long been reckoned as a bellwether, but has voted Democratic in every presidential election since 1992, due almost entirely to heavily Democratic New Castle County. At the same time, his centrist record made him the target of conservative groups such as Club for Growth, who ranked him the least conservative Republican in the U.S. House in 2008, and RemoveRINOs, who, in April 2010, named him the Ace of Spades on its most-wanted list.[26][27]

In February 2004, Castle sponsored H.R. 3831 to reauthorize the assault weapons ban of 1994. The bill was co-sponsored by 11 Republican colleagues and 129 Democrats.[28] In June 2008, Rep. Mark Kirk, R-IL, introduced H.R. 6257 to reinstate the ban, and Castle was one of the bill's four Republican co-sponsors.[29] Both bills died in committee.

Castle co-sponsored the Stem Cell Research Enhancement Act. The bill proposed expanding the number of embryonic stem cell lines that are eligible for federally funded research, expecting that this funding would generate more research and ultimately greater progress in developing new treatments for a wide range of medical conditions.[30] After successfully passing both the U.S. Senate and the U.S. House, it received U.S. President George W. Bush's first presidential veto in July 2006.[31]

In December 2010, Castle was one of fifteen Republican House members to vote in favor of repealing the United States military's "Don't Ask, Don't Tell" ban on openly gay service members.[32][33]

During his time in Congress, Castle was known for his interest in numismatics. In 1995, he authored the legislation that created the American Platinum Eagle platinum bullion coin. He later sponsored the legislation that created the 50 State quarters, Sacagawea dollar, presidential dollar coins, and America the Beautiful quarters programs, and several commemorative coins.[34] His activity led the Numismatic Guaranty Company to deem him "The Coinage Congressman."[34] Castle drafted one sentence of the 1997 Omnibus Consolidated Appropriations Act: "Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Secretary of the Treasury may mint and issue platinum coins in such quantity and of such variety as the Secretary determines to be appropriate." His intent was to make it easier for the Treasury to mint platinum coins for the coin collector market, but the sentence allows the Treasury Department to mint platinum coinage in any denomination. In the event that Congress refused to raise the U.S. debt ceiling, the Treasury could thus mint a trillion-dollar coin to avoid default. This maneuver has been proposed by some commentators, but has never been done.[35]

In November 2009, Castle's district was profiled by Stephen Colbert in his segment "Better Know a District."[36]

2010 Senate campaign

[edit]
Main article: 2010 United States Senate special election in Delaware § Republican primary

In 2010, Castle ran to be the Republican candidate to fill the seat of former Senator Joe Biden, who had become vice president on January 20, 2009. Castle was defeated in the Republican primary on September 14, 2010, by Christine O'Donnell, the Tea Party favorite. The primary drew 57,000 voters, a small slice of the overall electorate. After the primary, Fairleigh Dickinson University's PublicMind twice polled Delaware voters, running a hypothetical match-up between Castle and the Democratic candidate, Chris Coons; in it, Castle beat Coons by a 21-point margin (54%–34%) and also had a favorable rating of 48% compared to O'Donnell's 34%.[37] Castle refused to support O'Donnell in the Senate campaign against Coons.[38] Coons went on to defeat O'Donnell decisively in the general election.[39]

In June 2010, Castle was one of only two Republicans to vote in favor of the DISCLOSE Act, intended to limit spending on political campaigns by corporations in the wake of the U.S. Supreme Court's decision in Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission. The bill requires added disclosure for political spending by corporations and prohibits some corporate political spending.[40]

Town hall

[edit]

A town hall style meeting organized by Castle to discuss health care reform with constituents[41] was featured on the Drudge Report with the headline "VIDEO: Congressman's town hall erupts over Obama birth certificate ...".[42] The story was linked to a tape[43] documenting a few minutes of the event and hosted on YouTube. The incident sparked discussion of the topic in relation to the moderate Republican congressman and commentators' surprise at the audience reaction.[44][45][46] Castle was heckled and booed after calmly responding to a protester, "If you're referring to the President there, he is a citizen of the United States."[41]

Reporting in the international press on the explosion of interest in the subject focused on the central role of the Castle incident. The British newspaper The Guardian reported:

But the real impact has been a video that has garnered hundreds of thousands of hits on the web (in which Congressman) Mike Castle, address(es) a town hall meeting on health care in Delaware last month when a woman suddenly stands up waving a bunch of papers ... The encounter was a warning to Republican officials how far the conspiracy theory has permeated parts of their party.[47]

Later political involvement

[edit]

Castle was a member of the ReFormers Caucus of Issue One.[48]

During the 2016 presidential election Castle endorsed eventual victor Donald Trump after initially backing John Kasich during the Republican primaries.[49] In January 2021, Castle criticized Trump for "[antagonizing] people on a pretty regular basis" and described the January 6 United States Capitol attack as "nonsense".[50]

Personal life and death

[edit]

On May 23, 1992, Castle married Jane DiSabatino in Dover, Delaware.[51]

Castle died in Greenville, Delaware, on August 14, 2025, at the age of 86.[52][53]

Electoral history

[edit]
1980 Delaware lieutenant gubernatorial election[54]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Mike Castle 128,827 58.72
Democratic Thomas B. Sharp 88,224 40.21
N/A Other 2,341 1.07
Total votes 219,392 100.00
Republican gain from Democratic
1984 Delaware gubernatorial election[55]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Mike Castle 135,250 55.53
Democratic William T. Quillen 108,315 44.47
Total votes 243,565 100.00
Republican hold
1988 Delaware gubernatorial election[56]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Mike Castle (incumbent) 169,733 70.73
Democratic Jacob Kreshtool 70,236 29.27
Total votes 239,969 100.00
Republican hold
Delaware's at-large congressional district election, 1992[57]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Mike Castle 153,037 55.42
Democratic S.B. Woo 117,426 42.53
Libertarian Peggy Schmitt 5,661 2.05
Total votes 276,124 100.00
Republican gain from Democratic
Delaware's at-large congressional district election, 1994[58]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Mike Castle (incumbent) 137,960 70.74
Democratic Carol Ann DeSantis 97,565 26.56
Libertarian Danny Ray Beaver 3,869 1.98
A Delaware Party Donald M. Hockmuth 1,405 0.72
Total votes 195,037 100.00
Republican hold
Delaware's at-large congressional district election, 1996[59]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Mike Castle (incumbent) 185,576 69.55
Democratic Dennis E. Williams 73,253 27.45
Libertarian George Jurgensens 4,000 1.50
Constitution Felicia Johnson 3,009 1.13
Natural Law Bob Mattson 987 0.37
Total votes 275,591 100.00
Republican hold
Delaware's at-large congressional district election, 1998[60]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Mike Castle (incumbent) 119,811 66.36
Democratic Dennis E. Williams 57,446 31.82
Constitution James P. Webster 2,411 1.34
Natural Law Kim Stanley Bemis 859 0.48
Total votes 180,527 100.00
Republican hold
Delaware's at-large congressional district election, 2000[61]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Mike Castle (incumbent) 211,797 67.64
Democratic Michael C. Miller 96,488 30.81
Constitution James P. Webster 2,490 0.80
Libertarian Kim Stanley Bemis 2,351 0.75
Total votes 313,126 100.00
Republican hold
Delaware's at-large congressional district election, 2002[62]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Mike Castle (incumbent) 164,605 72.24
Democratic Michael C. Miller 61,011 26.78
Libertarian Brad C. Thomas 2,789 0.98
Total votes 227,865 100.00
Republican hold
Delaware's at-large congressional district election, 2004[63]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Mike Castle (incumbent) 245,808 69.09
Democratic Paul Donnelly 105,634 29.69
Independent Party Maurice J. Barros 2,334 0.66
Libertarian William E. Morris 2,012 0.56
Total votes 355,788 100.00
Republican hold
Delaware's at-large congressional district election, 2006[64]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Mike Castle (incumbent) 143,897 57.17
Democratic Dennis Spivack 97,565 38.76
Independent Party Karen M. Hartley-Nagle 5,769 2.29
Green Michael Berg 4,463 1.77
Total votes 251,694 100.00
Republican hold
Delaware's at-large congressional district election, 2008[65]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Mike Castle (incumbent) 235,437 61.08
Democratic Karen Hartley-Nagle 146,434 37.99
Libertarian Mark Parks 3,586 0.93
Total votes 385,457 100.00
Delaware Republican Party hold
2010 Republican primary results for Delaware U.S. Senate[66]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Christine O'Donnell 30,561 53.07
Republican Mike Castle 27,021 46.93
Total votes 57,582 100.00

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Rep. Mike Castle announces run for U.S. Senate". WHYY. October 6, 2009. Archived from the original on November 6, 2009. Retrieved December 15, 2009.
  2. ^ "Delaware GOP Congressman to Run for Biden's Former Senate Seat". FOX News. October 6, 2009. Archived from the original on October 18, 2015. Retrieved February 1, 2010.
  3. ^ Brumfield, Sarah (November 25, 2008). "Longtime Biden aide picked to fill his Senate seat". FOX News. Archived from the original on June 4, 2011. Retrieved February 1, 2010.
  4. ^ "Christine O'Donnell upsets Mike Castle in Delaware Senate primary". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on July 23, 2012.
  5. ^ "Election 2010: Delaware Senate". Rasmussenreports.com. Retrieved January 4, 2011.
  6. ^ Barone, Michael; Richard E. Cohen; Grant Ujifusa (2008). The Almanac of American Politics. Washington, D.C.: National Journal Group. p. 370.
  7. ^ "Castle: Election rival offers prayers". The News Journal. September 24, 2006. p. B3. Retrieved August 14, 2025 – via Newspapers.com.
  8. ^ "Delaware Congressman, Alumnus Mike Castle to Deliver Commencement Address". Hamilton College. Retrieved July 11, 2014.
  9. ^ "Alpha Delta Phi Fraternity | Notable Alumni". Alpha Delta Phi. Retrieved August 15, 2025.
  10. ^ "Notable Alpha Delts – Alpha Delta Phi Society". www.adps.org. Retrieved August 15, 2025.
  11. ^ Ciccanti, Joe (August 15, 2025). "UPDATED: Funeral Services Announced for Former Governor, U.S. Congressman Mike Castle". WGMD.com.
  12. ^ a b c d e Weiser, Carl (April 5, 1999). "Mike Castle: A moderate success". The News Journal. p. 1, 5 – via Newspapers.com. Open access icon
  13. ^ "Former Gov. and U.S. Rep. Mike Castle sworn in as DSU Board member". Delaware State University. September 20, 2013.
  14. ^ "1980 Lt. Gubernatorial General Election Results - Delaware". uselectionatlas.org. July 6, 2012. Retrieved November 15, 2024.
  15. ^ Bossert, Brandon (August 20, 2016). "Delaware mourns former chief justice, secretary of state Quillen". WDEL.com.
  16. ^ Guide to U.S. Elections. SAGE Publications. December 24, 2015. p. 1987. ISBN 9781483380384.
  17. ^ "Wolf in Delaware". Philadelphia Daily News. January 4, 1993. p. 16 – via Newspapers.com. Open access icon
  18. ^ Seagraves, Torie (August 15, 2025). "UPDATE: Former Delaware Gov. and Congressman Mike Castle dies at 86". Coast TV.
  19. ^ Nagengast, Larry (December 13, 2024). "Senator Tom Carper looks back on decades of public service as he prepares to leave office". DelawarePublic.org.
  20. ^ "Former Rep. Mike Castle". LegiStorm.com. Retrieved August 18, 2025.
  21. ^ "Castle to suffer no lasting effects from strokes". The Hill. September 26, 2006.
  22. ^ "Delaware Senate Race: A Kamikaze Republican and the Tea Party". ABC News. September 14, 2010. Retrieved July 8, 2018.
  23. ^ "Michael Castle on the Issues". OnTheIssues.org. Retrieved July 8, 2018.
  24. ^ "Mike Castle's Rating and Endorsements". votesmart.org.
  25. ^ "Senate Legislation, Congressional Voting Records". ClubForGrowth.org. Archived from the original on November 1, 2010 – via Wayback Machine.
  26. ^ "Mike Castle". RemoveRINOs.com. Archived from the original on September 9, 2010 – via Wayback Machine.
  27. ^ H.R. 3831
  28. ^ H.R. 6257
  29. ^ Holden, Constance (May 25, 2005). "Embryonic Stem Cell Bill Passes House". Science.org. Archived from the original on August 18, 2025 – via Wayback Machine.
  30. ^ "Bush vetoes stem cell bill; House can't override". NBC News. July 19, 2006.
  31. ^ Chris Geidner, House Passes DADT Repeal Bill Archived October 21, 2013, at the Wayback Machine, Metro Weekly (December 15, 2010).
  32. ^ House Vote 638 – Repeals 'Don't Ask, Don't Tell' Archived January 18, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, New York Times (December 15, 2010).
  33. ^ a b NGC Honors Mike Castle with New Congressional Series Label Archived October 25, 2022, at the Wayback Machine, CoinNews.net (May 6, 2022).
  34. ^ "Treasury: We won't mint a platinum coin to sidestep the debt ceiling". Washington Post. Retrieved January 12, 2013.
  35. ^ "Video: Better Know A District – Mike Castle". The Trentonian. November 24, 2009.
  36. ^ "O'Donnell Winning Tea Party, Losing Delaware" (PDF). Publicmind.fdu.edu. Retrieved June 16, 2017.
  37. ^ David Catanese (September 15, 2010). "Mike Castle Won't Endorse Christine O'Donnell". Politico.
  38. ^ Memoli, Michael A. (November 2, 2010). "Chris Coons defeats 'tea party'-backed Christine O'Donnell in Delaware Senate race". Los Angeles Times.
  39. ^ von Spakovsky, Hans A. (June 24, 2010). "The Fight over the DISCLOSE Act Is Far from Over". National Review. Archived from the original on July 8, 2012. Retrieved June 25, 2010.
  40. ^ a b [1] Archived July 24, 2009, at the Wayback Machine
  41. ^ "DRUDGE REPORT 2011". Drudgereport.com. Retrieved January 4, 2011.
  42. ^ "Mike Castle on Barack H. Obama Birth certificate". YouTube. June 30, 2009. Archived from the original on December 12, 2021. Retrieved January 4, 2011.
  43. ^ "Hardball with Chris Matthews". MSNBC. Archived from the original on July 24, 2009. Retrieved January 4, 2011.
  44. ^ Perlstein, Rick (July 21, 2009). "Feeling the Wrath of Bill O'Reilly's Army". Newsweek. Retrieved January 4, 2011.
  45. ^ Becker, Bernie (July 22, 2009). "The Early Word: Prime-Time Night". The New York Times.
  46. ^ McGreal, Chris (July 28, 2009). "Anti-Obama 'birther movement' gathers steam". The Guardian. London, UK.
  47. ^ "ReFormers Caucus". Issue One. Retrieved June 16, 2017.
  48. ^ "Mike Castle is the new Christine O'Donnell?". WHYY. Retrieved January 19, 2025.
  49. ^ Robinson, Evan. "Former Del. Gov. Mike Castle '61 Speaks on Election, U.S. Politics". Hamilton College.
  50. ^ Kesler, Nancy (May 24, 1992). "Newly governed by wedding vows". The News Journal. p. 1. Retrieved August 14, 2025 – via Newspapers.com.
  51. ^ Talorico, Patricia; Cormier, Ryan (August 14, 2025). "For decades, he was Delaware's most popular politician. Mike Castle dies at age 86". The News Journal. Retrieved August 14, 2025.
  52. ^ Lau, Mingson (August 14, 2025). "Delaware ex-Gov. Mike Castle, who championed 50 State Quarters Program while in Congress, dies at 86". Associated Press. Retrieved August 15, 2025. The Delaware Republican Party announced that Castle died Thursday in Greenville
  53. ^ "State Of Delaware Official Result of General Election 1980" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on September 10, 2016.
  54. ^ "1984 Gubernatorial General Election Results - Delaware". Archived from the original on August 27, 2022.
  55. ^ "State of Delaware - Official Election Results 1988" (PDF). State of Delaware. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 3, 2016. Retrieved April 19, 2018.
  56. ^ "State Of Delaware 1992 General Election Results" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on July 11, 2014.
  57. ^ "State Of Delaware Official Results 1994" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on December 3, 2016.
  58. ^ "State Of Delaware 1996 Election Results" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on August 7, 2015.
  59. ^ "STATE OF DELAWARE GENERAL ELECTION (OFFICIAL RESULTS)". Archived from the original on February 6, 2008.
  60. ^ "2000 ELECTION RESULTS STATE OF DELAWARE GENERAL ELECTION (OFFICIAL RESULTS)". Archived from the original on July 9, 2012.
  61. ^ "2002 - RESULTS BY OFFICE STATE OF DELAWARE GENERAL ELECTION". Archived from the original on February 6, 2008.
  62. ^ "STATE OF DELAWARE GENERAL ELECTION RESULTS". Archived from the original on November 29, 2006.
  63. ^ "STATE OF DELAWARE General Election (Official Results)". Archived from the original on December 5, 2012.
  64. ^ "STATE OF DELAWARE General Election (Official Results)". Archived from the original on January 15, 2009.
  65. ^ "STATE OF DELAWARE Primary Election (Official Results)". Archived from the original on July 8, 2012.

Sources

[edit]
  • Barone, Michael; Richard E. Cohen (2005). Almanac of American Politics. Washington: National Journal Group. ISBN 0-89234-112-2.
  • Boyer, William W. (2000). Governing Delaware. Newark, Delaware: University of Delaware Press. ISBN 1-892142-23-6.
  • Hoffecker, Carol E. (2004). Democracy in Delaware. Wilmington, Delaware: Cedar Tree Books. ISBN 1-892142-23-6.
  • Martin, Roger A. (1995). Memoirs of the Senate. Newark, DE: Roger A. Martin.
[edit]
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Political offices
Preceded by Lieutenant Governor of Delaware
1981–1985 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Governor of Delaware
1985–1992 		Succeeded by
Party political offices
Preceded by Republican nominee for Governor of Delaware
1984, 1988 		Succeeded by
Gary Scott
Preceded by Chair of the Republican Governors Association
1987–1988 		Succeeded by
New office Chair of the Tuesday Group
1995–2005
Served alongside: Nancy Johnson, Fred Upton 		Succeeded by
U.S. House of Representatives
Preceded by Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Delaware's at-large congressional district
1993–2011 		Succeeded by
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