Armenia–Pakistan relations
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Armenia-Pakistan relations refers to the bilateral relations between the Republic of Armenia and the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, which were established on 31 August 2025.[1][2]
Historically, Pakistan refused to recognise Armenia due to the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict between Armenia and Azerbaijan, despite the fact that Armenia and Azerbaijan have always recognised each other as sovereign states ever since they both gained independence during the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991. Pakistan, which recognised Azerbaijani sovereignty in 1991, declared that recognition of Armenia would be contingent on the Armenians relinquishing their claim to Nagorno-Karabakh, as well as an end to the Armenian presence in that disputed territory. Likewise, Pakistan openly supported Azerbaijan during the First Nagorno-Karabakh War and the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War; it has strongly advocated full Azerbaijani control over Nagorno-Karabakh, which has historically had an Armenian-majority population, though it is internationally recognised as a part of Azerbaijan.
Amidst the 2023 Azerbaijani military offensive, over 100,000 Armenians were displaced from Nagorno-Karabakh,[3] triggering the collapse of the Armenia-backed Republic of Artsakh. The United Nations has stated from local reports that there are between 50 and 1000 Armenians remaining in the region.[4] On 20 September 2023, one day after Azerbaijan's offensive began, the Pakistani Foreign Ministry released an official statement reaffirming Pakistan's "unwavering support for the sovereignty and territorial integrity of Azerbaijan" in Nagorno-Karabakh.[5][6]
History
[edit]Pakistan and the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict
[edit]Pakistan was the third country, after Turkey and Romania, to recognize Azerbaijan, and has close relations with it as it relates to conflicts in the Nagorno-Karabakh region. Pakistan had supported Azerbaijan during the First Nagorno-Karabakh War. In 2015, Pakistan declared that recognizing Armenia's independence is contingent on the latter leaving Karabakh.[7] In 2020, Pakistan supported Azerbaijan in the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War and hailed the subsequent ceasefire, which brought Azerbaijan territorial gains.[8]
Armenia, Pakistan, and India
[edit]At the end of 2016, Armenian–Pakistani relations further deteriorated, and Armenia vetoed Pakistan's bid for observer status in the Russian-led Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) Parliamentary Assembly.[9][10][11]
In 2019 after an interview with WION, Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan stated that Armenia supported India in the Kashmir conflict between India and Pakistan.[12]
Establishment of relations
[edit]On 31 August 2025, Armenia and Pakistan formally established diplomatic relations.[13] Formal relations were established through a joint communique between Armenian Foreign Minister Ararat Mirzoyan and Pakistani Foreign Minister Ishaq Dar on the sidelines of the 2025 Shanghai Cooperation Organisation summit in Tianjin, China.[14]
See also
[edit]
References
[edit]- ^ "Webdesk: "Pakistan, Armenia formalise diplomatic ties with exchange of communique"". geo.tv. Retrieved 31 August 2025.
- ^ "Webdesk: "Armenia and Pakistan establish diplomatic relations"". commonspace.eu. Retrieved 31 August 2025.
- ^ "UN Karabakh mission told 'sudden' exodus means as few as 50 ethnic Armenians may remain". United Nations. 2 October 2023. Archived from the original on 16 December 2023. Retrieved 31 December 2023.
- ^ "UN team completes mission to Karabakh". United Nations in Azerbaijan. 2 October 2023. Archived from the original on 1 December 2023. Retrieved 31 December 2023.
The mission saw very few local population remaining in the city. The team heard from interlocutors that between 50 and 1,000 ethnic Armenians remain in the Karabakh region.
- ^ Latif, Aamir (21 September 2023). "Pakistan backs Azerbaijan as Baku asks Armenian troops to disarm in Karabakh". Anadolu Agency. Archived from the original on 26 December 2023. Retrieved 31 December 2023.
- ^ Karimli, Ilham (1 November 2023). "Azerbaijan Commends Pakistan's Political Support During Conflict with Armenia". Caspian News. Archived from the original on 3 November 2023. Retrieved 31 December 2023.
- ^ "Pakistan rules out diplomatic ties with Armenia until liberation of Azerbaijani lands". 29 March 2015.
- ^ "Pakistan hails cessation of hostilities in Nagorno Karabagh region". The Nation. 11 November 2020. Retrieved 18 November 2020.
- ^ "Pakistan-Armenia Friction Has Intensified – Jamestown". Jamestown.org. Retrieved 8 October 2017.
- ^ Kucera, Joshua (29 November 2016). "Armenia Nixes Pakistan's Ties With CSTO". Eurasianet.org. Retrieved 8 October 2017 – via EurasiaNet.
- ^ "Opinion: «Armenia can block the cooperation between Pakistan and the EEU". Rusarminfo.ru. Retrieved 8 October 2017.
- ^ "We fully defend Indian position: Armenia PM Nikol Pashinyan on Jammu and Kashmir". WION. 26 September 2019. Retrieved 2021-02-09.
- ^ Dawn.com (2025-08-31). "Pakistan and Armenia formally establish diplomatic relations: FO". DAWN.COM. Retrieved 2025-09-01.
- ^ Yousaf, Kamran (2025-09-01). "Pakistan, Armenia formally establish diplomatic ties". The Express Tribune. Retrieved 2025-09-01.
Further reading
[edit]- "Pakistan and the World (Chronology: April–June 2005)", in: Pakistan Horizon, Vol. 58 (2005), No. 3, pp. 121–169. JSTOR.
- Shannon O'Lear & Robert Whiting: "Which comes first, the nation or the state? A multiple scale model applied to the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict in the Caucasus", in: National Identities, Vol. 10 (2008), No. 2, pp. 185–206. Taylor & Francis Online.
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